CBDC and the operational framework of monetary policy
(w/ G. Nuño and C. Thomas)
Forthcoming,
Journal of Monetary Economics.
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We analyze the impact of central bank digital currency (CBDC) on the operational framework of monetary policy and the macroeconomy. We develop a New-Keynesian model with a frictional interbank market, central bank deposit and lending facilities, and household preferences for different liquid assets, calibrated to the euro area. CBDC adoption implies a contraction in bank deposits, which is absorbed by a fall in reserves and, if large enough, increased recourse to central bank credit. The resulting changes in the operational framework (from ‘floor’ to ‘corridor’, and then to ‘ceiling’) thus shape the impact of CBDC on credit, investment and output.
Mapping exposures of EU banks to the global shadow banking system
(w/ M. D’Errico, N. Killeen, V. Luz, T. Peltonen, R. Portes and T. Urbano)
Journal of Banking and Finance, Volume 134, January 2022, Article 106168.
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This paper provides a unique snapshot of the asset exposures of EU banks to shadow banking entities within the global financial system. Drawing on a rich and novel dataset, we show that 60% of the EU banks’ exposures are towards non-EU entities, particularly US-domiciled shadow banking entities. We assess the degree of concentration across different types of shadow banking counterparties. We show that while banks’ exposures are diversified at the individual level, this diversification leads to high overlap across different types of shadow banking entities, with consequent systemic risk. We also examine how bank- and country-level characteristics relate to the exposures of EU banks to shadow banking entities. Our results emphasise the importance of monitoring these cross-border and cross-sector exposures and closing remaining data gaps.